Nigeria aims to strengthen its deepwater gas sector by attracting investments ranging from 5 to 10 billion US dollars. Despite substantial resources, this area remains largely underexploited. This initiative is part of a regulatory reform framework aimed at enhancing the attractiveness of the oil and gas sector for foreign investors.
The Nigerian government has established a new legal framework that includes tax incentives and VAT exemptions on compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel, as well as tax credits to encourage offshore investments. This program, announced by the president’s special energy advisor, Olu Verheijen, aims to unlock immediate funding and establish a solid foundation for gas projects by 2029, targeting deepwater developments and less exploited onshore sites​(Nairametrics).
Context and Objectives of the New Policy
Investments in Nigeria’s energy sector have stagnated due to a lack of policy coherence and a burdensome fiscal framework. Additionally, the competition from more attractive countries has contributed to this stagnation. Between 2013 and 2023, international oil companies relocated approximately 82 billion USD in investments to other jurisdictions. However, with the new reform, Nigeria hopes to recover a portion of this capital flow, estimated at 90 billion USD for upcoming offshore projects​(Nairametrics).
Specific measures now include tax reliefs for new gas projects in shallow waters and on land, with a goal of starting production before 2029. According to industry stakeholders, improved coordination between the government and investors has enhanced the perception of Nigeria’s regulatory environment. Osagie Okunbor, president of the oil producers’ commercial section, praised these reforms, highlighting that the current policy coherence is unprecedented​(Business Post Nigeria).
Challenges and Opportunities in the Sector
Despite the reforms, Nigeria’s oil and gas sector faces several challenges. Volatility in oil prices and geopolitical tensions can influence the stability of investments. However, significant opportunities remain due to the country’s vast natural gas reserves and the growing demand for energy in the international market.
Nigeria is also seeking to diversify its energy revenue sources to reduce its dependence on crude oil. By increasing gas production, the country aims to secure its internal energy supplies and strengthen its position in the global market. This strategy aligns with modernization efforts undertaken by other major African energy giants, seeking to compensate for losses caused by the global energy transition and fluctuations in commodity prices​(Businessday NG).
Specific Measures and Sector Reaction
The new tax incentives include tax reductions for companies investing in compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), as well as VAT exemptions on diesel. These measures aim to make offshore projects more economically viable and attract more international investors.
Sector reactions have been generally positive. International oil companies are expressing renewed interest in the Nigerian market, anticipating an improved investment environment. Enhanced coordination between the government and investors has also contributed to greater transparency and reduced regulatory uncertainties.
Economic and Geopolitical Stakes
The oil and gas sector accounts for nearly 92% of Nigeria’s exports and about 5.5% of its GDP. Diversifying energy revenues is essential for the country’s economic stability. Moreover, increasing gas production is crucial to meet the growing domestic demand and position Nigeria as a key player in the international natural gas market.
Nigeria’s energy reforms are also influenced by regional geopolitical dynamics. By strengthening its gas sector, Nigeria aims to improve its trade relationships with international partners and play a more significant role in global discussions on energy and the energy transition.
