The U.S. solar boom: An energy revolution in the making

The US solar industry is growing by leaps and bounds, with manufacturing capacity reaching 31 GW. Federal policies are driving this momentum, but challenges remain. Find out how these factors are shaping the future of solar energy in the United States.

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The U.S. solar industry is undergoing a significant transformation, with solar panel manufacturing capacity now exceeding 31 gigawatts (GW).
This increase, nearly quadrupling since the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, is testament to the impact of federal policies on renewable energy development.
The Q3 2024 Solar Market Report, published by the Solar Industries Association (SEIA) and Wood Mackenzie, highlights the continued growth momentum of solar manufacturing and deployment.
Over the past two years, the solar industry has added 75 GW of new capacity to the grid, representing more than 36% of all solar capacity built in U.S. history.
At the same time, nearly 1.5 million U.S. homes have installed solar systems since the law went into effect.
This rapid expansion is largely attributed to federal incentives that encourage innovation and investment in the sector.

Impact of federal policies on the solar industry

Abigail Ross Hopper, President and CEO of SEIA, points out that “the solar and storage industry is turning federal policy into action by rapidly creating jobs and driving economic growth in every state, especially in key states like Arizona, Nevada and Georgia.”
This growth momentum is also visible in the numbers, with 9.4 GW of new electrical generation capacity installed as of the second quarter of 2024.
Texas stands out as the leading solar market, having installed 5.5 GW of capacity in the first half of 2024.
States to watch in the November elections, such as Texas, Florida, Nevada, Ohio and Arizona, are among the top ten solar states in 2024.
This concentration of solar activity in strategic states underlines the importance of local and federal policies in developing the sector.

Challenges and growth prospects

Despite these advances, the solar industry faces significant challenges that could hinder its future growth.
Michelle Davis, Global Head of Solar at Wood Mackenzie, says, “The solar industry had an excellent second quarter, driven primarily by growth in the large-scale segment. However, future growth is hampered by wider challenges in the energy sector, such as interconnection delays, electrical equipment shortages and labor availability constraints.”
In addition, the uncertainty associated with proposed new tariffs and the presidential elections adds a layer of complexity to strategic planning for companies in the sector.
The residential market, meanwhile, contracted in Q2 2024, due to policy changes in California and high interest rates nationwide.
This segment added 1.1 GW of new capacity, its lowest level in almost three years.
However, optimistic forecasts for 2025 and projected annual records from 2026 to 2029 point to a recovery.

Long-term growth forecasts

Annual solar installations are expected to grow by an average of 4% over the next few years, despite the challenges mentioned.
By 2029, total U.S. solar capacity is expected to double to 440 GW.
This projection underlines not only the resilience of the industry, but also the importance of policies to support decarbonization and the energy transition.
The rapid evolution of solar panel manufacturing capacity and the increase in the installation of solar systems in American homes illustrate a turning point in the way solar energy is perceived and adopted.
Industry players have to navigate a complex landscape, but long-term growth prospects remain encouraging, underpinned by supportive policies and growing demand for sustainable energy solutions.

Aspen Power has finalised the acquisition of two community solar projects totalling over 1 MWdc in New Jersey, developed by Ecogy Energy, with construction expected to begin shortly.
French developer Tenergie has started work on a ground-mounted solar plant at a former quarry, with expected annual output of 7.6 GWh from 2026.
Octopus Energy strengthens its presence in Spain with three new energy projects totalling 600 MW, powering 2.3 million households and accelerating the expansion of its European renewables portfolio.
VSB Italy has obtained authorisation to build a 6.2 MW agrivoltaic plant in Città della Pieve, combining solar power generation and agricultural cultivation on 10.6 hectares.
Ameren Missouri announces a 250 MW solar project to power 44,000 homes, reducing delays and costs through strategic development on company-owned land.
Verso Energy has inaugurated an experimental solar power plant in Outarville, testing the integration of photovoltaic panels across three hectares of large-scale crops with a 90% self-consumption rate.
Independent power producer R.Power is selling a 440MW ready-to-build photovoltaic portfolio in Poland, as political uncertainties drive a wave of divestments in the national renewable energy market.
Grenergy has finalised the sale of the fourth phase of its hybrid solar-storage project in Chile to CVC DIF, valued at up to $475mn, while retaining operation and maintenance for five years.
Q ENERGY secures financing for 252 MW of solar projects in Spain, marking its first independent power producer operation on the Iberian Peninsula.
Norwegian group Scatec has signed a power sales agreement with BTG Pactual for its first solar project in Colombia, representing an estimated $110mn investment.
New solar installations rose 64% year-on-year, driven by China, which accounted for more than two-thirds of global deployed capacity.
Virya Energy invests EUR2mn in a photovoltaic plant at the Oncopole park-and-ride in Toulouse, marking a 30-year partnership with Tisséo to strengthen the city’s energy self-consumption.
ACWA Power has signed an agreement with the Syrian Ministry of Energy to assess up to 2,500 MW of solar, wind and storage projects, along with a technical audit of the national grid and existing infrastructure.
GreenYellow is installing several photovoltaic plants and an energy storage system on Altarea's logistics platforms in Bollène and Puceul, through a 30-year PPA contract fully financed by the company.
Ascent Solar Technologies has signed an agreement with Star Catcher Industries to enhance in-orbit power generation by combining lightweight photovoltaic technology with wireless energy transmission.
NextWave Energy Monitoring integrated 529 megawatts of Cenergy solar projects into its PVPulse platform, including the largest 300 MW photovoltaic plant equipped with its monitoring system.
Solar panel imports into Africa reached 15,032 MW in one year, setting a record and marking an expansion beyond South Africa, according to the energy research organisation Ember.
Ferrovial will launch a 250 MW solar plant in Texas for $355mn, expanding its US energy portfolio and creating around 300 jobs during the construction phase.
The 4.99 MW floating solar power plant in Cebu supplies the Carmen Copper mining site, covering about 10% of its energy needs, with connection to the national grid now effective.
Four photovoltaic plants totaling 50 MW will be built in Benin by Axian Energy and Sika Capital to strengthen the share of renewables in the country’s energy mix.

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