SMR and AMR: The Nuclear Revolution in Progress

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs) are redefining the global energy landscape.

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SMR et AMR Nucléaire du Futur

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Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) and Advanced Modular Reactors (AMRs) represent a major breakthrough in civil nuclear power. With over 80 projects under development worldwide, these technologies promise to transform our approach to decarbonization and the energy transition. With their innovative design and versatility, these reactors could well become the stars of the world’s civil nuclear show in Paris.

SMR and AMR: What are we talking about?

The SMR concept is based on a compact, modular architecture that significantly reduces construction time and costs. In eoutre, Jean-Michel Ruggieri, Director of Iresne at the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), highlights their potential for decarbonization on a local scale, notably by replacing coal-fired power plants. These reactors are designed for power ratings of less than 300MW, with components that can be prefabricated at the factory, facilitating transport and installation. Their small size also offers advantages in terms of fuel consumption and intrinsic safety.

Innovation race

To date, the SMRs in service are in Russia, with the first floating nuclear power plant. However, other projects are underway in Argentina, Canada, China and South Korea. In France, the Nuward project is scheduled for 2030, while in the USA, NuScale has suspended sales of its SMR. These projects illustrate the diversity of the applications targeted, ranging from power generation and heating to seawater desalination.

Nuward, France’s future SMR

The Nuward project, supported by EDF and other French partners, represents an important milestone in this development. Using pressurized water reactor technology, it offers innovations such as integrated steam generators, making the reactor particularly compact. Capable of producing electricity, heat or hydrogen, Nuward is positioned as a versatile solution.

By 2050, AMR could represent a technological breakthrough, enabling existing nuclear waste to be digested. The aim is to close the nuclear fuel cycle, making optimum use of materials such as uranium. The CEA has launched two start-ups to develop these technologies, with sodium-cooled or molten-salt fast neutron reactors.

SMR and AMR are shaping up to be key players in the redefinition of the energy landscape. Their development is synonymous with innovation, versatility and a commitment to a more sustainable and secure energy future.

NexGen Energy has opened Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission hearings for the final approval of its Rook I uranium project, following more than six years of regulatory process.
Oklo has signed a binding agreement with Siemens Energy to accelerate manufacturing of the energy conversion system for its first advanced nuclear power plant in the United States.
A security document handling incident at the nuclear power plant renews concerns about TEPCO as a key decision on restarting reactors 6 and 7 approaches in Niigata.
An initial civil nuclear cooperation agreement was signed between the United States and Saudi Arabia, prompting calls from the US Congress for strict safeguards to prevent a Middle East arms race.
The launch of the Zhaoyuan nuclear project anchors the Hualong One model inland, illustrating Beijing’s strategy of regulatory normalisation in response to Western technological restrictions.
TRISO-X has started above-ground works on the first U.S. facility dedicated to manufacturing fuel for small modular reactors, marking a key industrial milestone in the deployment of the Xe-100.
The first Russian test rig for the experimental ITER reactor has been delivered to the site in France, marking a major milestone in the international collaboration on nuclear fusion.
A strategic report reveals the industrial and energy potential of Allseas’ offshore small modular reactor, which could create up to 40,000 jobs and reduce investment in the power grid.
Niigata’s governor is expected to approve the restart of one reactor at the Kashiwazaki-Kariwa plant, inactive since the Fukushima accident, reviving a strategic asset for Japan’s energy sector.
Canadian firm Aecon and private developer Norsk Kjernekraft have signed a strategic agreement targeting the deployment of BWRX-300 small modular reactors across several potential locations in Norway.
The South African government has officially lifted the PBMR reactor out of inactivity, launching a public investment programme and transferring the strategic nuclear asset from Eskom to Necsa.
The French Court of Auditors values EDF’s grand carénage at over €100bn, while EPR2 reactors already exceed €67–75bn. The State simultaneously directs regulation, financing, and industrial strategy, raising the risk of conflict of interest.
Belarus commits major public investment to add a third reactor at the Ostrovets plant and initiates studies for a second nuclear site to support national energy demand.
Framatome’s accident-tolerant fuel prototype has completed a second 24-month cycle in a commercial nuclear reactor in the United States, paving the way for a third phase of industrial testing.
The Wylfa site in Wales will host three Rolls-Royce small modular reactors from 2026, marking a strategic investment in the UK’s nuclear expansion.
EDF confirmed that the Flamanville EPR has reached a major milestone, while planning a nearly year-long shutdown in 2026 for extensive regulatory inspections and key component replacement.
EDF is opening access to its long-term nuclear supply contracts to companies consuming more than 7 GWh per year, an adjustment driven by the gradual end of the Arenh mechanism.
South Korean authorities have approved the continued operation of the Kori 2 reactor for an additional eight years, marking a key milestone in the national nuclear strategy.
A public-private consortium is developing a 5 MW thermal microreactor designed to operate without refuelling for ten years, marking a strategic step in Brazil's nuclear innovation efforts.
EDF has announced that the Flamanville EPR reactor is now operating at 80% of its capacity. The target of reaching full output by the end of autumn remains confirmed by the utility.

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