Nuclear Reform in France: Safety Issues and Challenges

On the eve of a major reform in the nuclear sector, France is planning to merge two of its main regulatory bodies: the Autorité de sûreté nucléaire (ASN) and the Institut de radioprotection et sûreté nucléaire (IRSN). This initiative aims to streamline decision-making processes and align national priorities, particularly in the development of new reactors.

The Challenges of Nuclear Safety

Nuclear safety, a subject of constant concern, is at the heart of the debate. Some criticize the current system for being “too fussy”, while others, like IRSN Director Jean-Christophe Niel, defend the rigorous approach based on scientific and technical foundations. The French Minister for Energy Transition, Agnès Pannier-Runacher, reaffirms the government’s commitment not to compromise on nuclear safety.

Expertise and Decision: Maintaining the Balance

The distinction between expertise and decision-making is essential to preserve scientific integrity and avoid external influences. Researcher Michaël Mangeon stresses the importance of this separation in ensuring informed, unbiased decision-making. The American NRC model is often cited as a benchmark in this area.

Transparency and Public Participation

Public transparency is another pillar of nuclear safety. Today, IRSN’s expert assessments are published regularly, enabling civil society to play an active role. However, this openness is the subject of debate, with some players fearing that the data will be used by opponents of nuclear power.

The planned reform raises questions about the resources and skills needed to manage the transition effectively. The Belgian experience, where a similar initiative was envisaged but then abandoned, serves as a lesson in the potential risks of such restructuring.
Reforming France’s nuclear safety system is a complex challenge, requiring a balance between scientific rigor, transparency and effective decision-making. As the country prepares for a new era of nuclear power, how these issues are addressed will determine the safety and acceptability of this crucial energy.