The Essequibo, a 160,000km² region, is the epicenter of a centuries-old feud between Venezuela and Guyana. Overflowing with natural resources such as oil, minerals and the Kaieteur waterfalls, this area represents more than 70% of Guyana’s territory. Guyana, based on a delimitation dating back to British colonial times and ratified in 1899, claims sovereignty. On the other hand, Venezuela, faithful to its Spanish heritage of 1777, considers the Essequibo River to be the legitimate border.
A battle of legitimacy
The positions of the two nations seem irreconcilable. Each country uses historical and legal arguments to support its claim. This impasse has crystallized around the decision of the International Court of Justice, which Guyana has asked to confirm its sovereignty. Venezuela, however, questions the legitimacy of this 1899 decision.
Symbolism and Propaganda
The Essequibo question goes beyond territorial issues to become a symbol of national pride. In Venezuela, the Essequibo is part of the collective imagination, taught in schools and remembered daily in the barracks. In Guyana, the defense of the territory is expressed through popular slogans and songs, asserting unwavering resistance to any Venezuelan claims.
Rising Tensions and Strategic Issues
Tensions between the two countries escalated with the discovery of oil in the Essequibo, fanning the flames of greed and rekindling territorial claims. This strategic zone, rich in resources, is becoming a major point of friction, particularly with the involvement of multinational oil companies and the possible geopolitical repercussions.
The Spectre of Military Confrontation
Concerns are growing that current diplomatic tensions could degenerate into armed confrontation. Historically, Venezuela and Guyana have always favored the path of dialogue, but recent statements and military activities raise fears of an escalation of the conflict.
The referendum and its implications
The referendum organized by Venezuela, although it has no direct legal impact, is intended to legitimize its demands among its population. This move is perceived by Guyana as a violation of international law, exacerbating tensions.
This conflict, rooted in colonial history, is today at the crossroads of geopolitical, economic and identity-related issues. The outcome of this age-old quarrel remains uncertain, reflecting the complexities of modern territorial conflicts.
