An uncertain future for the Siberian Force 2 pipeline

An in-depth analysis of energy cooperation between Russia and China, in particular the Siberian Force 2 pipeline project, and its economic and energy implications.

Share:

Gazoduc Siberie 2

Comprehensive energy news coverage, updated nonstop

Annual subscription

8.25$/month*

*billed annually at 99$/year for the first year then 149,00$/year ​

Unlimited access • Archives included • Professional invoice

OTHER ACCESS OPTIONS

Monthly subscription

Unlimited access • Archives included

5.2$/month*
then 14.90$ per month thereafter

FREE ACCOUNT

3 articles offered per month

FREE

*Prices are excluding VAT, which may vary depending on your location or professional status

Since 2021: 35,000 articles • 150+ analyses per week

An uncertain future for the Siberian Force 2 pipeline. Yet Vladimir Putin’s visit to China has generated enthusiasm and optimism about energy cooperation between Russia and China. The Russian president praised the “unprecedented” level of partnership and strategic cooperation between the two countries, particularly in the energy field. However, despite discussions and promises, a final agreement on the gigantic Siberian Force 2 gas pipeline project is still pending.

Economic and energy issues

Since losing the European market to sanctions and the sabotage of the Nord Stream pipelines, Russia has been actively seeking partnerships in Asia to compensate for its losses. China, as one of the world’s largest economies, has become a key player in this quest. Yet despite diplomatic visits and talks, no final agreement has been reached on Siberian Force 2, a crucial project for Russia.

Obstacles to reaching agreement

Observers note that several points of contention persist, notably the question of the price of Russian gas. Russia is increasingly dependent on Chinese demand, which puts Beijing in a strong negotiating position. Although gas deliveries via the Siberian Force 1 pipeline were up “46.6%” on the previous year, they did not compensate for the loss of the European market. These volumes represent just over half of previous exports to Europe via Nord Stream 1, which has been out of service due to sabotage.

Global Implications

Ultimately, the future of energy cooperation between Russia and China remains uncertain. The economic and energy stakes are high, but persistent obstacles stand in the way of an agreement on the Siberian Force 2 project. The outcome of these negotiations will have a significant impact on both countries and the global energy landscape.

Russia-China energy cooperation has reached new heights, but challenges remain. The two nations continue to negotiate, seeking common ground on crucial issues such as the price of Russian gas. The outcome of these negotiations will have a considerable impact on the economies and energy sectors of both countries, as well as on the international community as a whole. It is essential to keep a close eye on the development of this energy cooperation, as it will continue to shape the world’s energy future.

The European Investment Bank is mobilising €2bn in financing backed by the European Commission for energy projects in Africa, with a strategic objective rooted in the European Union’s energy diplomacy.
Russia faces a structural decline in energy revenues as strengthened sanctions against Rosneft and Lukoil disrupt trade flows and deepen the federal budget deficit.
Washington imposes new sanctions targeting vessels, shipowners and intermediaries in Asia, increasing the regulatory risk of Iranian oil trade and redefining maritime compliance in the region.
OFAC’s licence for Paks II circumvents sanctions on Rosatom in exchange for US technological involvement, reshaping the balance of interests between Moscow, Budapest and Washington.
Finland, Estonia, Hungary and Czechia are multiplying bilateral initiatives in Africa to capture strategic energy and mining projects under the European Global Gateway programme.
The Brazilian president calls for a voluntary and non-binding energy transition during COP30 in Belém, avoiding direct confrontation with oil-producing countries.
The region attracted only a small share of global capital allocated to renewables in 2024, despite high energy needs and ambitious development goals, according to a report published in November.
The United States approves South Korea’s development of civilian uranium enrichment capabilities and supports a nuclear-powered submarine project, expanding a strategic partnership already linked to a major trade agreement.
The EU member states agree to prioritise a loan mechanism backed by immobilised Russian assets to finance aid to Ukraine, reducing national budgetary impact while ensuring enhanced funding capacity.
The Canadian government commits $56 billion to a new wave of infrastructure projects aimed at expanding energy corridors, accelerating critical mineral extraction and reinforcing strategic capacity.
Berlin strengthens its cooperation with Abuja through funding aimed at supporting Nigeria’s energy diversification and consolidating its renewable infrastructure.
COP30 begins in Belém under uncertainty, as countries fail to agree on key discussion topics, highlighting deep divisions over climate finance and the global energy transition.
The United States secures a tungsten joint venture in Kazakhstan and mining protocols in Uzbekistan, with financing envisaged from the Export-Import Bank of the United States and shipment routed via the Trans-Caspian corridor.
The United States grants Hungary a one-year waiver on sanctions targeting Russian oil, in return for a commitment to purchase US liquefied natural gas worth $600mn.
Meeting in Canada, G7 energy ministers unveiled a series of projects aimed at securing supply chains for critical minerals, in response to China’s restrictions on rare earth exports.
Donald Trump announces an immediate reduction in tariffs on Chinese fentanyl-related imports from 20% to 10%, potentially impacting energy flows between Washington and Beijing.
Amman plans to launch tenders for 400 megawatts of solar, wind and storage projects, as part of a strengthened bilateral energy cooperation with Germany.
An emergency meeting led by the European Commission gathers key sectors affected by China's export restrictions on rare earths, ahead of a briefing at the European Parliament.
Manila plans to expand gas and renewable energy production to meet a 6.6% increase in electricity demand over the next two years.
Ottawa and London increased bilateral exchanges to structure strategic cooperation on nuclear energy and critical minerals supply chains, as part of Canada’s G7 presidency.

All the latest energy news, all the time

Annual subscription

8.25$/month*

*billed annually at 99$/year for the first year then 149,00$/year ​

Unlimited access - Archives included - Pro invoice

Monthly subscription

Unlimited access • Archives included

5.2$/month*
then 14.90$ per month thereafter

*Prices shown are exclusive of VAT, which may vary according to your location or professional status.

Since 2021: 30,000 articles - +150 analyses/week.